Thursday, 17 July 2008

The Call of the Mall

The Call of the Mall

Provided by Psychology Today

The Call of the Mall
"When the going gets tough, the tough go shopping." For seasoned mall hounds, that's more than a clever bumper sticker--it's a statement of purpose, a recipe for fun.

But for an unfortunate few, shopping is less a joy than an addiction. They are consumers out of control, frequently buying items they don't need--and may not even remove from the packaging. Researchers are now beginning to understand who compulsive buyers are--and why they shop 'til they drop.

In many respects, shopaholics are a lot like people with eating disorders. About 90 percent are female, says Ronald Faber, Ph.D., of the University of Minnesota. They are more likely to have anxiety disorders and low self-esteem than normal shoppers. They are also more impulsive than average and tend to be perfectionists.

Intriguingly, many compulsive buyers experience heightened sensations--colors and textures are more intense during a buying binge--and some claim to reach extreme levels of focus and concentration while perusing store shelves. A few liken the experience to a drug trip; others find their shopping trips sexually stimulating.

Faber believes that the problem arises from a convergence of psychological, social, and biological factors.

Boosting self-esteem might be the key motivation behind compulsive buying. Many say that interaction with attentive sales clerks gives them a feeling of importance. Self-esteem may even influence what they buy. Compulsive shoppers are likely to return home with clothing, shoes, makeup, and jewelry--all items that enhance appearance.

The biology of compulsive shopping is less understood, but an imbalance of the neurotransmitter serotonin could play a role. The evidence is slim but suggestive: several compulsive buyers who were given Prozac--which alters serotonin levels--stopped overshopping. But they resumed their sprees once drug treatment ended.

Published date: 19950101
Source: Psychology Today

Copyright © 1991-2004 Sussex Publishers. All rights reserved.


http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=35048

Confessions of a Shopaholic - Entertainment

Confessions of a Shopaholic - Entertainment

Are you a shopaholic?

Are you a shopaholic?

Shopaholics enjoy some esteemed company. Musician Elton John spent £40 million (R600 million) in just a 20-month period - £293 000 (R4.5 million) on flowers alone.
While it may not sound like a psychological disorder, this problem can bankrupt families and destroy relationships. Some compulsive shoppers are driven to suicide.



Unfortunately, many people regard compulsive shopping as a joke. "Taking illegal substances in excess is one thing. To shop till you drop arouses only amusement," says psychotherapist Adrienne Baker.

People with limited resources may appear to suffer the most, because they're vulnerable to easy credit and extortionate repayments. But the relatively affluent are, in fact, at greater risk of getting in up to their necks.

Of course, some people are just unlucky and get into debt through an unexpected event, such as redundancy. But for a substantial number, probably about one in two, getting into debt is linked with addictive behaviour - they just can't help themselves.

Surveys carried out in the United States and by the European Union have confirmed that extravagant expenditure is becoming an increasing problem, particularly with younger people.

Experts are divided over what causes shopaholicism and how best to treat it. Compulsive shopping is often not treated as a unique disorder. Most experts see it as a symptom of a broader mental health problem, such as anxiety or depression, accentuated by Western prosperity and the influence of advertising.

Psychotherapists believe that, far from being the bored, depressed woman of the stereotype, the typical shopaholic is, in fact, a deeply damaged person who needs to examine why she is spending so much time in shopping centres.

Even though compulsive shopping can be devastating, many people fail to get help. Often because people feel the problem is a sign of a weak will, but sometimes because some doctors or psychologists fail to take the problem seriously.

The signs and symptoms of compulsive spending/shopping are very similar to other addictions. Watch out for these signs (four or more of the above indicates a problem with shopping or spending):

Shopping or spending money as a result of being disappointed, angry or scared.
Shopping/spending habits causing emotional distress or chaos in one's life.
Having arguments with others regarding shopping or spending habits.
Feeling lost without credit/purchasing cards.
Buying items on credit that would not be bought with cash.
Spending money causes a rush of euphoria and anxiety at the same time.
Spending or shopping feels like a reckless or forbidden act.
Feeling guilty, ashamed, embarrassed or confused after shopping or spending money. Many purchases are never used.
Lying to others about what was bought or how much money was spent.
Thinking excessively about money.
Spending a lot of time juggling accounts and bills to accommodate spending.
Getting help

If you feel you have a problem, seek professional counselling or a self-help group to deal with the problem. Addictive behaviours tend to congregate, so if you have an eating disorder, a problem with drugs or alcohol, or gambling, you may be a candidate for shopping addiction. Many communities have credit counselling centres that will also help with shopoholism.

How do I prevent shopping binges?

Pay for purchases by cash or cheque
Make a shopping list and only buy what is on the list.
Destroy all credit cards except one to be used for emergency only.
Avoid discount warehouses. Allocate only a certain amount of cash to be spent if you do visit one.
"Window shop" only after stores have closed. If you do "look" during the day, leave your wallet at home.
Avoid phoning in catalogue or Internet orders and don't watch TV shopping channels.
If you're travelling to visit friends or relatives, have your gifts wrapped leave the project finished. People tend to make unnecessary purchases when they shop for other people.
Take a walk or exercise when the urge to shop comes on.
If you feel out of control, you probably are. Seek counselling or a support group.
- (Health24, Updated January 2008)

http://www.health24.com/mind/Other/1284-1303,25860.asp

Wednesday, 18 June 2008

Female Shopaholics Face Debt Crisis

Female Shopaholics Face Debt Crisis

27/02/2007
Shopaholicism is becoming increasingly common in the UK and it is thrusting many into the jaws of financial strife, a new report claims.

For the purposes of its eye-opening study, uSwitch defined shopaholics as those for whom 50 per cent or more of their unsecured debt can be attributed to fashion. The impartial price comparison service has calculated that there are 765,642 British women fighting against this level of profligacy, with some spending more than £1,800 a year on clothes.

The research suggests that these shopaholics have an average personal shopping debt of more than £8,000, contributing to a collective debt of £61.96 million.

According to uSwitch, credit card debt among British women as a whole has now topped £11 billion and unsecured loans for this group have reached an astonishing £20 billion. British women also have an average overdraft in excess of £500 and a third rely on this every single month. Total overdraft debt among women in the UK, on the basis of these figures, has now reached £4.6 billion.

Ann Robinson, director of consumer policy, for uSwitch, observed: "Fat used to be a feminist issue, but it looks like it's been overtaken by debt. In today's celebrity obsessed society, where women emulate the lifestyles and shopping habits of their favourite fashionistas, it's not surprising that women are becoming more interested in size zero than nought per cent APR."

Research suggests that female shopaholics earn an average of £18,959 a year, which is slightly higher than the national average of £17,784. Unsurprisingly, these individuals have only managed to save £4,485, which compares to an average of £10,525.

Manchester, Liverpool, Birmingham and Bristol have the greatest concentration of shopaholics, but the Brummies are leading the way in terms of the amount of money spent. Shopaholics in Birmingham are spending an average of £1,813 a year on clothes and shoes.

Interestingly, research company Mintel reported in 2004 that shopaholic women were something of a dying breed in the UK. More than a quarter of those questioned said that they disliked shopping and would only head to clothes shops when absolutely necessary.


http://www.financedaily.co.uk/showNews.aspx?loadID=00322

Sunday, 15 June 2008

The Psychology of Shopping / At your Leisure - 14 March 2005

At your Leisure - 14 March 2005

The Psychology of Shopping


Image copyright: Lotus Head, stock.xchng

The 1970s giants of retailing made it their business to 'pile it high, sell it cheap'. Organisations such as Tesco and Walmart made their names by following this policy. The thinking was that consumers would buy as long as they believed they were getting cheap prices and that the goods were of reasonable quality.

In the past thirty years, retailers have become increasingly sophisticated in their methods of parting consumers from their money. In grocery markets, shops have used a range of techniques to create the right conditions psychologically for consumers to buy what the retailers want them to buy: the aroma of freshly-baked bread is often wafted through a supermarket in order to stimulate demand for products from the in-store bakery, or just to make shoppers feel hungry.

But what other methods are there? Where is the limit to the use of psychological techniques in retailing? How can store design be used to maximise revenues? This 'At your Leisure' takes a look at the retail experience presented to UK shoppers and how the use of space can be applied to the design of the urban environment. It also analyses how one retail giant, IKEA, has harnessed some of these psychological techniques in its store design. Finally we ask whether some of IKEA's marketing techniques may call into question their ability to ensure the safety of their customers.

What psychological techniques are in use?


Image: Products with the highest margins are stocked at eye-level in supermarkets. Copyright: Dan Tinianow, stock.xchng

Shopping is a major leisure activity. Try asking many people what they like to do in their spare time and you can guarantee that a large number of them will nominate a trip to their local mall. Why is this? What do we get out of the shopping experience? Is it all about the therapeutic benefit of buying a product or service that we desperately want? Or are other forces at work when we enter the shopping centre? Let's look at some standard techniques which have long been seen as successful in retail markets. Examples of these include the following:

Pricing at psychologically sensitive points, for example at £29.99
Locating so-called 'anchor' stores in malls/shopping arcades, attracting people into the mall and increasing sales throughout the centre by boosting footfall to other stores
Additionally, the benefits of using so-called 'shelf psychology' are applied widely by high street retailers:

Products identified by the retailer as impulse buys are placed at the ends of aisles
Own-brand products are positioned alongside premium brands, often leading to consumers buying a cheaper choice own-brand item rather than a premium priced one
Stacking the products with the highest margins (products with the greatest difference between cost to retailer and revenue gained from selling it to a consumer) at eye-level, as it is known that consumers are more likely to buy products in their line of sight
Retail business organisations also try to gain benefit by designing the shopping experience in order to maximise revenue. They often base this policy on some well-known features of human psychology, namely that:

We are more at ease when shopping in or walking through urban areas when others are around us
The routes we use follow clear lines of sight
These features mean that urban areas where it's hard to see from one point to another are avoided by shoppers. As a psychological response to these conditions, we simply don't want to be there. Left as they are, these areas will wither and die.

What does this mean for UK urban areas?

Use of innovative techniques of urban design to create better, more attractive and safer places
A company at the forefront of this work is Space Syntax Limited whose techniques were developed at University College London and commercially 'spun out' as an urban environment consultancy
The company's methods can be used to breath new life into areas and can be applied to towns and cities and their retail or historical centres
Projects that Space Syntax have been involved in include the Millennium Bridge between Tate Modern and St Paul's, London

Image: The Millennium Bridge between Tate Modern and St Paul's, London. Copyright: mmuzxer, stock.xchng

What of the out-of-town shops, the carpet warehouses, furniture showrooms and electrical superstores?

They tend to adopt similar techniques, but in these locations which are often on main trunk roads and motorways, the car is king
This is especially true where consumers have no choice but to transport their purchases home themselves
Some of these businesses have successfully combined the techniques of fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) markets with selling larger, traditionally higher value products. One of the best examples of this is IKEA.

The Psychology of Shopping

28 March 2006 By: Vlad Tarko, Senior Editor, Sci-Tech News

The Psychology of Shopping

How do you choose what to buy and why do you choose a certain store?
Researchers from MIT have shown that people are most susceptible to be influenced by
advertisers and promotions at the entrance of the store. According to the scientists, people
usually don't have their shopping goals very clearly pre-determined; they decide not only
what specific product to buy but also what kind of product they want to buy during their
wondering through the supermarket's aisles.

"Consumers start with fuzzy shopping goals, which become more concrete as the shopping
experience progresses," explain Leonard Lee and Dan Ariely. "Because of the initial lack of
concreteness of their goals, consumers' sensitivity to external cues is likely to be higher in
the earlier stage of their shopping when their goals are more malleable."

Lee and Ariely have conceived a series of tests showing that consumers can be influenced
to spend more or less than usual, depending on the conditional coupons presented to them
at the entrance. On the other hand, when the coupons were given inside the store they had
little effect.

"When the required spending level is higher than their typical spending level, they spend
more; when the required spending is lower, they spend less," write the authors. "This
experiment also demonstrates that customers' spending tends to shift with the minimum
spending conditions stated on their coupons."

In another related study, also to appear in the forthcoming issue of the Journal of
Consumer Research, researchers from the Northwestern University have documented the
so-called paradox of choice: customers generally want to have as many options as possible
but at the same time want to be able to decide what to buy as easily as possible.

Alexander Chernev explained how we generally get around this paradox by observing that
our shopping experience is "a decision process that comprises two different stages:
selecting an assortment and, subsequently, selecting a particular option from that
assortment."

Thus, the two conflicting goals, "maximal flexibility and minimal decision complexity", each
operate in a different stage of the shopping experience. The interesting conclusion of the
study is that large stores may get many customers inside (because the goal of maximal
flexibility functions in the first stage of the shopping experience), but then these customers
may not buy so many products as they otherwise would (in a smaller store) simply because
they cannot decide (the decision complexity is too large).

In other words, large stores attract many customers but there is a downfall: "increasing the
size of the assortment tends to complicate the decision process and decrease the overall
probability of purchase", writes Chernev. Thus, there exists an optimal size of the store,
optimal in the sense that customers are spending in there the largest amounts of money
buying the largest number of products.


http://news.softpedia.com/news/The-Psychology-of-Shopping-20432.shtml

Tuesday, 3 June 2008

shopping is my life/ bbc

http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00c0cd1


ep 1
Top stylist Faye Sawyer and personal development coach Nick Jankel try to help shopping addicts curb their excesses. 36-year-old IT consultant Nikki Moore is addicted to high-end fashion, gadgets and pampering, but despite her glamorous lifestyle she wants more out of life. Faye and Nick confront her with a year's worth of her shopping excesses on the conveyor belt of shame. Can they transform aspiring writer Nikki into a less indulgent shopper and help her discover the life she really wants?


ep2
Stylist Faye Sawyer and personal development coach Nick Jankel confront shopping addicts about their excesses. 26-year-old Louise Hendry is hooked on shopping for high street fashion fixes, spending much of her 15,000 pound salary in the process and causing issues in her relationships. Faye and Nick show her a year's worth of her excesses on their conveyor belt of shame, but can they transform her into a more savvy shopper and help her fulfil her dream to become a top fashion photographer?

ep3

Stylist Faye Sawyer and personal development coach Nick Jankel try to help shopping addicts curb their excesses. 34-year-old IT consultant Andy Nicolaou can't stop shopping. In a year he's spent a phenomenal 100,000 pounds on extravagant gifts, flashy cars and designer clothes. On the surface he's got the lot, but all bachelor Andy really wants is true love. The team confront Andy with his entire year's worth of shopping excesses on their conveyor belt of shame. Can they transform him into a more selective shopper?